Fragen über die Beispielsätze mit, und die Definition und Benutzung von "Villages"

A: @Akiraka

Let's add 2 more words to make it easier...

Villages that gained reputation for producing good cheese
^ ^
This is not a sentence. It is a noun (villages) + a clause (that gained reputation for producing good cheese) that modifies the noun.

The clause tells you exactly which villages. Which villages? The ones that gained reputation etc etc.

You would need an additional verb to make it a full sentence:

Villages that gained reputation for producing good cheese were popular last year. (I added more words after the verb to have it make sense.)

- - - -

Villages gained reputation for producing good cheese.
^ ^
This IS a full sentence. The simple subject is villages. The simple predicate is gained. So the basic sentence is:

Villages gained.

The rest just tells exactly what the villages gained (and isn't necessary for a complete sentence).

Similar example in Korean:

사람은 공부하고 있어요.
A person is studying. (complete sentence)

공부하고 있는 사람...
A person that is studying... (incomplete sentence)

Do you see the parallel?

A: Schaue nach der Frage, um die Antwort zu sehen

A: yup