Was bedeutet A scientist turned a bat loose in a pitch dark room. ?

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I assume you know what a bat is (a small animal with wings). Bats fly in the evening or even at night and catch insects. They locate their position and their prey (insects) by echo-location rather than by sight, so the point of this experiment or demonstration by the scientist was to see this echo-location in action. Bats do not bump into anything even when it is pitch dark. What's echo-location? It is a clever thing done by bats: they send out little sounds (too faint for us to hear) and wait for them to bounce off anything. This tells them where they are and what they are surrounded by.